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The Definitive Guide to Kitchen Interior - H&M Home Collection - H&M US
18th century cooks tended a fire and withstood smoke in this Swiss farmhouse smoke kitchen The kitchen area stayed mostly untouched by architectural advances throughout the Middle Ages; open fire remained the only approach of heating food. European middle ages cooking areas were dark, smoky, and sooty places, whence their name "smoke kitchen area".
In wealthy houses, the ground floor was typically used as a stable while the cooking area was located on the floor above, like the bedroom and the hall. In castles and abbeys, the living and workspace were separated; the kitchen was often transferred to a different building, and therefore might not serve anymore to warm the living-room.
Few medieval kitchen areas make it through as they were "notoriously ephemeral structures". An extant example of such a middle ages kitchen area with servants' staircase is at Muchalls Castle in Scotland. In Japanese houses, the cooking area began to become a separate room within the primary building at that time. With the arrival of the chimney, the hearth moved from the center of the space to one wall, and the first brick-and-mortar hearths were constructed.
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The Rhode Island Kitchen & Bath - Design, Planning & Fitting - RI Diaries
Pots made of iron, bronze, or copper begun to change the pottery utilized earlier. The temperature was managed by hanging the pot higher or lower over the fire, or placing it on a trivet or straight on the hot ashes. Using open fire for cooking (and heating) was dangerous; fires devastating entire cities occurred frequently.
This type of system was commonly utilized in wealthier homes. Starting in the late Middle Ages, kitchen areas in Europe lost their home-heating function even more and were significantly moved from the living area into a separate space. The living-room was now heated up by cocklestoves, operated from the kitchen, which used the big benefit of not filling the space with smoke.
In the upper classes, cooking and the kitchen area were the domain of the servants, and the kitchen was distinguished from the living-room, sometimes even far from the dining-room. Poorer homes often did not yet have a separate kitchen; they kept the one-room arrangement where all activities happened, or at the most had the kitchen area in the entryway hall.
